Showing posts with label Invisible Man. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Invisible Man. Show all posts

Thursday, October 28, 2010

Scribe Post 10/28

Today in class, we discussed some of our points of confusion within the text.
One of them was when, after the narrator comes out of the bushes after the night in Harlem, he falls down into a hole. The narrator thinks they are cops because they are white, but they are only regular men who want to join in on the looting. The narrator, as soon as he realizes they aren’t cops, turns to run and falls into an open hole. He ends up realizing that there is nowhere else he can go, and it becomes the place where he has an epiphany about his life. This is the same hole where he is living at the beginning of the book, in the prologue.

Important quote: “This is the way it’s always been, only now I know it”
Other times when the narrator has been trapped in darkness by white people:
When he was in the hospital in chapter 11, and he couldn’t move or leave, or even remember his name, and he was being kept there and watched by white people.
His entire life, he has been trapped in his own metaphoric “hole”, and the ideas and actions of white people kept a lid on his self-expression. He has always been stuck, in a way, because everything that happened to him in life was controlled by other people.
Examples:
  • When he was sent to college by a wealthy white man, only to be expelled for something that was out of his control
  • When he was sent into the city with false hope that he would get a job
  • The Brotherhood used him as a figurehead and made his decisions for him

This is an article from The Huffington Post on a similar, but more modern topic:
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ron-christie/post_1156_b_775111.html

We discussed the American Dream, and whether or not it is accessible to all people in this country. We agreed that, at least according to Ellison, the likelihood that a person will be successful in this country depends on which social group you belong to and where you were born. Some people are born in situations which make them more likely to reach the idyllic “American Dream”.

We also discussed that the symbol of his castration during the dream sequence can be seen as a representation of the narrator's loss of identity. He retaliates by telling them that they have stopped him from creating more generations of people for them to oppress. He expresses hope that the next generations will not be as oppressed as this generation.

The next scribe is: Jordan Tucker

Wednesday, October 27, 2010

Invisible Man Discussion

Today in class we discussed what the symbol of “invisibility” means. He realizes that the is just a puppet. He can make an effect on people, but nobody takes him seriously. An example of this is after he drove Mr. Norton and went to explain what was going on. No matter what he said he was going to be kicked out of collage. Similar to how you humor a child whenever he/she says something, weather or not you believe it. We also discussed how the event of falling into the hole is similar to how he is treated thought the book. The white man was always above him and forces him to stay in the dark.

Confusing things explained:

In the beginning of Chapter 22, Invisible man was arguing with the brotherhood. They were arguing about Invisible man organizing a funeral without permission. They wanted Invisible man to be part of a unit rather then having opinions about things. They wanted to use him as a puppet.
    Clifton was called a traitor for selling Sambo dolls, which is a racial slur. Sambo dolls are dolls that exaggerate the facial features of African-Americans. Another reason is because Clifton did not want to be treated as a puppet by the brotherhood.
    The hole that Invisible man was in at the end of the book is the basement that he was in during the prologue.

The next scribe is... Sam B.

Sunday, October 24, 2010

10/18 Symbols in the Invisible Man

In class we discussed some of the recurring symbols in Invisible Man and what they may mean. We started with the Grandfather. We discussed how the Grandfather is one of the first symbols in the book and is returned to after almost all bad situations in the book. The grandfather seems to represent the black man being forever beneath the white man unless he fights to over come it. Another very important symbol is colors specifically black and white. These are symbols that are apparent throughout the book, but shown most powerfully in the Liberty Paints factory. In the factory the Invisible Man has to add 10 drops of a black substance to each bucket of white paint. Eventually the Invisible Man notices the paint has a sort of gray tint to it. This draws attention to the name of the paint, "Optic White." The color white itself is a very multi-layered symbol within the book, and includes White America, America itself and purity in some cases. The third important symbol we discussed was veils. Veils are mentioned few times in the book, but the idea of the Founder lifting the veil can be seen several times, for example with the letters. Veils involve a form of willful ignorance among the characters. The next scribe shall be BARROW!!!

Wednesday, October 20, 2010

Scribe Post 10/20

In the beginning of class, we had a grammar lesson on parallelism (similar ideas or phrases joined together in the same sentence in a grammatically correct way). This is a good website to practice and learn parallelism: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/623/01/

During the Invisible Man discussion, we were asked to think about the key symbols we thought were the most significant and powerful in the book so far.

It was decided that Eyes signify a number of things:
1. The inner and true self. On page 102, the narrator says, "As we approached a mirror Dr. Bledsoe stopped and composed his angry face like a sculptor, making it a bland mask, leaving only the sparkle of his eyes to betray the emotion that I had seen only a moment before." In this quote, the narrator says that the only evidence of Bledsoe's real emotions is in his eyes.
2. How he is viewed within society and the larger world. Jordan took us to page 336 when the narrator says, "Perhaps simply to be known, to be looked upon by so many people, to be the focal point of so many concentrating eyes, perhaps this was enough to make one different; enough to transform one into something else." He describes how the way the world sees you can change the person you are.
3. Someone's point of view. Karan noted that on page 343 the narrator says in his speech, "Think about it, they've dispossessed us each of one eye from the day we're born. So now we can only see in straight white lines." The message is that they have developed a parochial view of equality. It goes back to how the Institute taught in one way. What's interesting is the use of "white" as an adjective before "lines," which could mean that whites are responsible for their blindness.

Colors of animals was another key symbol. David pointed out that a quote on page 337, "three white men and three black horses," signifies that whites come before blacks and thats how its always going to be.

Also, the juxtaposition of the colors black and white throughout the novel is a symbol of hierarchy of society. Mr. Neal pointed out that Ellison uses these colors at Tod Cliftons funeral because Harelem is rising up and shutting out the brotherhood who abandoned them. They're taking control from whites and gaining power but it's hard to keep it.

We also discussed the distortion in the color white (ex. the coal painted white).
Guilded - wood w/ thin layer of gold; "the perfect image that if you just scratch it shows the corruption underneath." - Mr. Neal

**Remember to continue the conversation on racial stereotypes in the next class.

The next scribe is Courtenay!

Thursday, October 14, 2010

Scribe Post 10/12/10 & 10/14/10


These past two classes we have discussed a few topics, first the Invisible Man chapters 11-15, then three readings from the Norton Reader, and lastly writing techniques to use within descriptive writing. Our first class discussions began with the Invisible Man, so we will start with that.

Starting off class, we discussed any concerns or comments that we had about the chapters -- questions, confusion, etc. A lot of the preliminary confusion surrounded how the man actual arrived in the hospital in chapter 11, which was first voiced by Sarah Jane. It was then clarified by Mr. Neal that it was a result of the explosion that occurred in the previous chapter, but we then went into further discussion surrounding the symbolism within that scene. Toast brought up some good points, namely that perhaps his "third eye" represented knowledge, or power in a spiritual sense, and that the repetition of grey was relating to the fact that the man was starting to see the world in different ways, rather than a convoluted black and white vision.

Next, Bruna brought up the idea of the "white man's burden" being portrayed through the Brotherhood. She noted that despite the fact the man was nowhere close to being an articulate speechmaker, it was interesting how they asked him to help them campaign. This then brought the class to the conclusion that they, in fact, just wanted to have a minority to help support their cause through the manipulation of marginalized minorities.
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Two days later, we are brought to the 14th and we start of class with a quiz on our personal vocabulary words. Right after this, we dive into the three Norton Reader essays; "He Said no to Internment," "Saved by Strangers," and "Chasing Evil."

We started our discussion with Mr. Neal asking which story did we enjoy the most and the response was varied. Karan and David expressed their like of "He Said no to Internment," because of the historical interest, after which Noah talked about why he liked "Chasing Evil," because it gave greater depth into a story he already knew about -- then Jordan described how much she enjoyed "Saved by Strangers," because of both the writing style and the humanity that was found within it. Overall, throughout the class there was what seemed to be an almost equal dispersion of who liked what.

After this, we broke up into small groups to discuss the writing styles and techniques within each of the essays. After regrouping as a class, we shared what we had come up with. Style choices that came up were: factual information that wasn't particularly descriptive, but informative, colorful language, and constructing sentences so that they weren't flowery, but still provided good descriptions.

Afterwards we worked on our own writing journals, which Toast shared with the class. It was a lovely story about the French countryside that compelled some people to tears, after which class ended.

The next scribe is . . . Sara Radin!

Tuesday, October 12, 2010

Scribe Post 10/12/10

Today in class, we discussed the revision of our personal narratives. We were given 15 minutes to work on it in class. We talked about how revision is the action of putting in sentences and taking them out. Revision is also the insertion of descriptive and figurative language. One idea that we didn't say was that editing is NOT revision. Revision is specifically the addition (or subtraction)of language that adds to the essay or piece as a whole. After these revisions we discussed what questions we had on chapters 11-15. A few topics we talked about:
-When the narrator is being operated on, he is getting a lobotomy without his head getting cut open. He is in some sort of machine.
-The narrator believes that the doctors are out to get him and he establishes that the purpose of the operation is to "cure" him of questioning society and how it works.
-The woman at the end of chapter 11 with the red delicious apple is a symbol of Eve, and the meaning behind this symbol is that Adam and Eve ate the fruit from the Forbidden Tree of Knowledge, and the narrator has been reprogrammed to not question things like Adam and Eve did.
-When the narrator finally speaks up in chapter 13, his speech is terribly formed; he doesn't know the name of the leader he tries to mention, and he stutters multiple times. But, in spite of all this, he still manages to speak out and revert back to his earlier state.
-One important thing we took from this speech is that the narrator is not making a speech for the brotherhood because of his good speaking technique, but actually because he is a bad speaker. His lack of speech making skills show in his speech, and the brotherhood is aware of this and have him speak to make him a bad example of his race.

The next scribe is....








THE TAUSMEISTAAA
(Taus)

Tuesday, October 5, 2010

Scribe Post 10/5/10

Today in class we discussed the latter part of Chapter 10 in Invisible Man, and we talked about making making invisible things visible.
We discussed three events.
1)The narrator walking in on the meeting at the paint factory. Mr. Neal pointed out that this party that he walked in on will come to symbolize the communist and socialist parties of the time.

2) The next event in the chapter we covered was the narrator's fight with Mr. Brockway. The invisible man thought that Mr. Brockway had stabbed him; when in reality, he had merely bitten him. This is an example of the black on black racism that goes on throughout the book, as well as demonstrating the invisible mans anger issues. It can also connect back to his fight in the prologue-he believed the man was trying to kill him, when he really was not.

3)The third event we discussed was Mr. Brockway setting up the accident in the paint factory. This was a symbol for manipulation of power. People in power often manipulate it so that the lower people fight amongst themselves-this accident was a symbol and an example of that.
The next thing we did was discuss how to make things that are invisible, visible. For five minutes, we looked for things that were made in china. We found 34 things. The point was to take an abstract idea-China is the world's factory-and make it visible. We started reading George Orwell's "Down the Mine", which takes an invisible group-coal miners-and makes them visible.

And the next scribe is Sam!

Invisible Man Chapters 8-10 Class Discussion

On a sleepy Monday morning, the 11th grade English class came together. Taus started the questions rolling by asking Mr. Neal what his favorite element was. Lets just say Mr. Neal had a difficult time answering. First siding with Au (gold) and ending with Barium. As a class we then discussed the chapters 8-10 in Invisible Man that were read over the weekend. We analyzed those chapters by going over thoughts or questions us students had come up with. We particularly went into depth of young Mr. Emerson, Taus giving us the lead, “Is there something wrong with him?”, he asked. Mr. Neal replied with, “There is nothing wrong with him per say, but there is definitely something invisible that Ellison is trying to make visible”. With that question said and put out into the minds of us students, books were torn into trying to find the answer.

We began analyzing young Mr. Emerson’s ways and some came up with answers. We first described him, he was nervous, odd, that there was something up with him. Imogene gave a wild guess “He is gay”, Alexys connected the gold cuff links that young Mr. Emerson wore back to Dr. Bledsoe.

In the end as a class we decided that young Mr. Emerson is exotic and probably gay, but was trying to help Invisible Man the whole way by telling him that he did not in fact want to meet with his father because he was a cruel soul. At the end of his spiel he tells the Invisible Man that he already was his fathers prisoner and that the Invisible man should not follow into his footsteps.

Thats it folks....!
The next Scribe-r (?) is EMMY...good luck.

-Imogene Edson

Invisible Man Chapter 8-10.

Reactions on Ch 8-10 of IM

Bruna: Narrator never says his name.
Why? Because he is invisible; symbolism behind every African American person-he could be anyone.
Noah: More of a positive sections.
Jay: Going to NY, how he describes Harlem.
Courtney: Homeless man and the dog?

Reactions to the letter:: "Not fair, game is exposed"
"Vail is being lifted"
Recognizing his invisibility. He is starting to realize the hypocrisy of the social structure.

Kike-Racial slur for a Jewish person.

Mr. Emerson: Nice, polite, how he says; "Have a seat please", he is different.
What is odd? Something he might be hinting at?--
Descriptions of eyes. Mr. Emerson vs. Bledsoe

Symbolism-Exotic bird in the cage. People that have important things to say are often trapped in a cage.

Page 180-Description of office
Foreshadowing what is about to come.
First Paragraph-Jay-"Same as all other white people, foreshadowing it will be different"

Page 187-
"Going to tell the truth"
Bottom of 187-anything odd?; "Jim and Huck Finn; Why go back; So much you can do here where there is more freedom; My father considers me as one of the unspeakables; curious about what lies behind the face of things?"

Ellison makes him seem like he is above every one else-Karan
Beating around the bush, wants to tell IM about Bledsoe's intentions, is he trying to be professional by not speaking directly?-Sara
Everyone's following what they think should be the norm-David
Hiding something from his past that we don't know about-Sarah Jane
Mysterious person in higher power-Amanda
More equal rights, bring out liberties, Emerson does not agree with his father, does not want to follow in his footsteps-Bruna

Mr. Emerson is a homosexual. Mr. Neal is stating it "because he is a professional reader".
Swing his hips, touches his knee, 'unspeakable'

Famous book by Sigmund Freud-Totem and Taboo
Symbols in ch 10 tomorrow.

Next scribe is.... Jake!

Friday, October 1, 2010

THE GALEANO PROJECT: INVISIBLE MAN

NI**ER

Dark as the midnight sky the oh so esteemed doctor said.
This Bledsoe character believes he knows everything about the world. Knows everything about the man that walked in his office.
Saying Nigger as if it does not hurt himself. Bledsoe is weak and insecure.
Saying Nigger was supposed to bring pain to another but his words backfire, the bullets new destination is Dr. Bledsoe.
Saying Nigger was meant to pierce the soul.
Saying Nigger means oh so much more to Dr. Bledsoe, he knows the pain of the word, he has fought the good fight, but continues to fight while climbing the ladder all the way to the top
The man in his office is just another rung.
Saying Nigger, Bledsoe hopes that this brand new and pesky rung will not stay for long.
Saying Nigger is the first step in his long road of self-destruction.
When the man leaves for a bright future. Bledsoe sits in his office waiting for the next rung in the ladder of his life to appear.

Ikey Chafkin


LIGHTBULBS

In the city of blinding lights, he hides himself away in a basement. It is a hole in the ground, this basement, but is not dark, not damp and dank and musty like you would expect; it is warm and bright. It is brighter than the entire city. There is more light than he knows what to do with, but he knows that without the light, he would be visible. Only in the light of his basement can he truly be invisible. When one is in the darkness, one is truly seen for who they are- in the light, there are simply whoever you want them to be. He loves the light, for he loves his invisibility. The light confirms that although he is invisible, he has by no means vanished. It reminds him that he is alive.

Christina Leleon


Bledsoe

Bledsoe stands where he wants on the line, does what he wants to the line and defines the line. He knows how the line works, every weak spot, every point where he can warp and bend it to reflect his image in the greatest way. Bledsoe has stood on the line between black and white to get where he is and to maintain that position, but he doesn't care about the line. He lives by his own rules and everyone else does too. He lives by his own rules under the rules of the white men. He controls them as much as they control him, his mask of greed and lies used to deceive them. Though he's become many things the one thing he isn't is bitter. He keeps his cool and stays calm while standing on the line, warping the line, controlling and getting his way. Bledsoe defines the line.

--Omari Spears


Norton

A man of prestige and a man of great power. In the middle of the 19th century he lived. The founder of a college for blacks. The protagonist's relationship with him is limited to being his driver.
Unfortunately for the protagonist, While he was driving Mr Norton one day, things went wrong. It started with Norton requesting to be driven out of the way because he was curious about what lay in that direction. From there Norton asked to stop the car. All was still well until Norton spoke to a certain black man in the area they had stopped.
Before long Norton was a changed man. He was torn apart from the inside out and was losing control. The protagonist did what he could, but was physically unable to make things better for Norton. It wasn’t until he had witnessed several more traumatic experiences that he finally began to recover from his meeting with the black man.
Upon return to the school, Norton went back to his quarters and summoned the headmaster. He assured the protagonist that he would not be blamed for his bad experiences that day, but the headmaster was not so understanding. The protagonist was expelled from the school that night.

--Diego Fiori


THE BLIND TRUTH


The Reverend spoke, and the community listened.
In Alabama, a college, at that church, stories were told. Reverend Homer A. Barbee talked about a man. This man was not like many of his counterparts, for example he was black. However this black man was educated, and led his people to education like Moses led his to the promise land. Another thing about this man was that he was blind. This happened when a cousin splashed him with lye.
Despite all of the adversity, this man becomes self educated, goes north and furthers his education. Yet he returns only to start a college and help out his fellow black brothers and sisters.
There is a man in that room. He listens to the sermon, and remembers. He remembers the words that his Grandfather had told him before he died. This man thinks about those words, and then thinks about the sermon. That man becomes deeply moved by the sermon, and is remorseful of his previous actions with Mr. Norton, a man who is on the board of directors.
Then this man looks at the Reverend. He sees that the Reverend cannot see.

--Zeke Satloff





And Beginning of Ends


The train steamed North, The narrator heading for Harlem, for work, for closer . Beside him sat the Vet, the instigator, bound for Washington and his own sense of closer. He talks to him as if an old friend, the words which shattered the protagonist's dream spilling out to challenge the narrators confidence a second time. Wise from the past, little penetrates the narrators mind, much like his grandfathers words remaining undigested. Filling the narrators head for space, not thought. The vet talks much like the grandfather too. referring always to the glory of white men and, the acceptance of black repression. He departs, " Offering fatherly advice," advising to leave Norton alone. In a simple sentence he broke the only white bound our narrator had and, in a simple second he was gone with the life our narrator wished he still had.

-Ben Logan


My Win?


I won a fight three days ago. Even though it took place in a ring, I do not call it a boxing match. This is because no boxing match would take place like this. I won the fight. All ten of us were payed for our performance. I won the fight. We were blindfolded to the point of no sight. They let us go like wild animals at the sight of a long overdue meal. It’s too bad that we couldn’t see. Throwing; everybody throwing. Bleeding; everybody bleeding. I won the fight. I was hit by their punches that they thought to be arrant, but I thought to be dead on. The ring was slippery from the whiskey spilled from the mindless viewers who saw entertainment, where we saw torture. I won the fight. As the slug-fest waged on, I could feel the dropping of several of my teammates through my bare, trembling feet on the mat. Four left, but I won the fight. It came down to two men after several minutes of blood in mouth and smoke filled lungs from the ever seemingly fiendish-like men who stood and yelled behind the ropes. Round one had ended. Not due to time, but to eliminations. Only two. Blindfolds stripped and back to the brawl. We hit each other. The boy whispered meaningless tries to end the slaughter that I was raining upon him. I won the fight. I won the money. When I was walking home that cold night and wondering why I had signed up for the fight, I asked myself if I had really won the fight.

--Connor Laubenstein


A VIGNETTE TO FIGHTING


I happens at the end of the year. A fight, to decide dominance, for the right to speak. The blacks fight like animals, fighting for a bone. Fists swinging wildly, a duel of blind animals, clawing and scratching. I sit back, relax and enjoy the sport. This is all that niggers are good for, sport and work, they show only enough intelligence to plow a field or throw a fist. The fight ends on a abrupt note, the blacks stop to rest, their tongues hand out like the family dogs. One steps up to speak, we ignore him. He says a dirty word, and is quickly put down. Animals don’t have the right to talk.

--Tim King


The Power is Lost

No one can control them.
Chaos, they move amongst madness. Un-phased by the mayhem, confusion, and anarchy of the uncontrolled crowd the usual suspects keep with their daily routine. The protagonist looks on in horror as the uncontrollable brawl continues; the white man watching from what would seem afar. Up close he shares no comparisons to them except in location. They can not be control nor are they in control; they just wander and react, not act, but rather feed off of each other as a group.
Fear or anger takes over the the majority as the power is lost and the supreme look on. The one in control will never be control and the one watching will never see.

--Nick Laycox


Death Bed


There was a lamp burning at the end of its wick the curtains were drawn there he lay with his son crouched next to him.
His lips moved and all that came out was what seemed like nonsense he had lost it or had he been saner then ever with death lurking in the shadows.
“Keep up the good fight.”
He was the timid and quiet one how had never caused trouble in his whole life but as has his mortality faded everything came out.
“Our life is a war and I have been a traitor all my born days.”
Who had he betrayed that will always be an unanswered question.
“ Live with your head in the lion’s mouth.”
With his dyeing breath he whispered fiercely.
“Learn it to the younguns.”
Now gods knows what he meant he repented for his past sins in his last minutes and left unknown wisdom to his family and it will always lurk in the shadows of their minds.

--Annie Mangone




Journey to Harlem

It happens in the mid nineteen hundreds, when racism is still a very true reality, and almost a quintessential part of American society. Prejudice and power are ideals entitled to a certain people, those of lighter skin, and liberation existed only in the dream of a man, though he never woke-up to remember it.
While departing Tuskegee, Alabama, he is forced to ask himself, whatever happens to a dream deferred? Better to ruminate on that question than to relive the past series of events and consequences that brought him here. Mr. Norton (does it dry up like a raisin in the sun?), the Golden Day (or fester like a sore—then run?), the veteran, who is now sitting inches away from him (does it stink like rotten meat?), Dr. Bledsoe and the word he used to degrade him (or crust and sugar over—like a syrupy sweet?). Ripe with idealism despite having just lost a part of himself, he remained there trying to comprehend the alien feeling that was freedom.
When the cart jerked suddenly, he found himself tangled-up with a white woman. Maybe a dream just sags like a heavy load, he thought as the idea of the woman calling out entered his mind. He struggled to break free from this taboo interaction. Taboo was how he regarded his being so physically so close to her in this moment, but no one else seemed to stir or make a fuss. Not even the woman standing next to him in such close proximity that he could kiss her if he dared. Whatever happens to a dream deferred? He found himself wondering again as the train made a stop that he hastily took advantage of. Feeling overwhelmed by the last twenty-four hours, only a city like Harlem, a city of dreams where everyone runs to, made him realize that a dream deferred does, in fact, explode.

--Nizzie Aswad


Into the Melting Pot

It was in the middle of the nineteenth century. The train was empty, but only the rear was reserved for his colored type. He moved to the back of the train. Enduring his journey out of the fire and into the melting pot of Harlem he was equipped only with his bags, his shiny prize briefcase, and the wise words of the vet:
“Come out of the fog young man. And remember you don’t have to be a complete fool in order to succeed. Play the game but don’t believe in it-- that much you owe yourself. Even if it lands you in a strait jacket or a padded cell. Play the game, but play it your way.”
Even with the oppression of the South shackling you to the roots of its abundant cotton fields, he found the only identity he had ever owned. As the train bent around the hills, the brick low set buildings of Tuskegee disappeared, dissipating behind the precipice of the green earth.
Arriving in Harlem, optimism set in his eyes made him see double vision. He vowed to work hard. He vowed that if any of the important gentlemen should begin a topic of conversation, which he found unfamiliar, he would smile and agree. The freedom of the North not yet to stay set in his bones. When he observed the local laxity, the humble and bustle of the North, he realized he had a small voice here in the North, that he would barely be audible in the buzz of the city sounds.


--Kelsey Taylor

Thursday, September 30, 2010

Explanation of The Galeano Project

Eduardo Galeano is a Uruguayan writer. He's a poet. He's an historian. He's a man who loves words. He writes history as a poet, as a writer who makes beautiful things from the words he loves. His history is a history of the world but it is not a history you might find in a history book. In his new book Mirrors: Stories of Almost Everyone, he re-writes/writes history with an eye toward beauty. For instance, here is his piece on the history of modern art.


Origin of modern art

West African sculptors have always sung while they worked. And they do not stop singing until their sculptures are finished. That way the music gets inside the carvings and keeps on singing. In 1910, Leo Frobenius found ancient sculptures on the Slave Coast that made his eyes bulge.

Their beauty was such that the German explorer believed they were Greek, brought from Athens, or perhaps from the lost Atlantis. His colleagues agreed: Africa, daughter of scorn, mother of slaves, could not have produced such marvels.

It did, though. Those music-filled effigies had been sculpted a few centuries previous in the belly button of the world, in Ife, the sacred place where the Yoruba gods gave birth to women and men. Africa turned out to be an unending wellspring of art worth celebrating. And worth stealing.

It seems Paul Gaugin, a rather absentminded fellow, put his name on a couple of sculptures from the Congo. The error was contagious. From then on Picasso, Modigliani, Klee, Giacometti, Ernst, Moore, and many other European artists made the same mistake, and did so with alarming frequency.

Pillaged by its colonial masters, Africa would never know how responsible it was for the most astonishing achievements in twentieth century European painting and sculpture.

Here is a video of Mr. Galeano.




I asked my students, who are now reading INVISIBLE MAN by Ralph Ellison, to name elements of the novel. Some of the "elements" they came up with: Whiskey, The Golden Day, Internal Racism, Shackles. Each of them had to choose one of these elements and then write his/her own Galeano-esque piece on that topic.

Here is what they came up with.

THEMES

Themes for Invisible Man



One important theme is becoming invisible. Being invisible isnt the normal invisibility, where you cant physically see something. This is an invisibility where you obliterate yourself and you cannot see yourself. When you conversing with a human being it is our nature to converse with the intention of talking about themselves. It needs to reach the point where your intentions are genuine and they cant see you.
Another theme of Invisible Man is to remember where you came from and dont forget your roots, and forgeting yourself. In the book he is trying to become someone he is not and want to become like the white college guy whos name i forget. In his quest he eventually realizes who he is and becomes invisible.